Functional Role of Movement and Performance Variability: Adaptation of Front Crawl Swimmers to Competitive Swimming Constraints.
Identifieur interne : 000C01 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000C00; suivant : 000C02Functional Role of Movement and Performance Variability: Adaptation of Front Crawl Swimmers to Competitive Swimming Constraints.
Auteurs : David Simba A-Escobar [France] ; Philippe Hellard [France] ; David B. Pyne [Australie] ; Ludovic Seifert [France]Source :
- Journal of applied biomechanics [ 1543-2688 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
To study the variability in stroking parameters between and within laps and individuals during competitions, we compared and modelled the changes of speed, stroke rate and stroke length in thirty-two top-level male and female swimmers over four laps (L1-L4) in 200-m freestyle events using video-derived 2-dimensional direct linear transformation. For the whole group, speed was greater in L1, with significant decreases across L2, L3 and L4 (1.80±0.10 vs. 1.73±0.08; 1.69±0.09; 1.66±0.09 m.s(-1), p<.05). This variability was attributed to a decrease in stroke length (L2: 2.43±0.19 vs. L4: 2.20±0.13 m, p<.05) and an increase in stroke rate (L2: 42.8±2.6 vs. L4: 45.4±2.3 stroke.min(-1), p<.05). The coefficient of variation and the biological coefficient of variation in speed were greater for male vs. female (3.9±0.7 vs. 3.1±0.7; 2.9±1.0 vs. 2.6±0.7, p<.05) and higher in L1 vs. L2 (3.9±1.3 vs. 3.1±0.1; 2.9±0.9 vs. 2.3±0.7, p<.05). Intra-lap speed values were best represented by a cubic (n=38), then linear (n=37) and quadratic model (n=8). The cubic fit was more frequent for male (43.8%) than female (15.6%) suggesting greater capacity to generate higher acceleration after the turn. The various stroking parameters managements within lap suggest that each swimmer adapts his/her behaviour to the race constraints.
DOI: 10.1123/jab.2017-0022
PubMed: 28952848
Affiliations:
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For the whole group, speed was greater in L1, with significant decreases across L2, L3 and L4 (1.80±0.10 vs. 1.73±0.08; 1.69±0.09; 1.66±0.09 m.s(-1), p<.05). This variability was attributed to a decrease in stroke length (L2: 2.43±0.19 vs. L4: 2.20±0.13 m, p<.05) and an increase in stroke rate (L2: 42.8±2.6 vs. L4: 45.4±2.3 stroke.min(-1), p<.05). The coefficient of variation and the biological coefficient of variation in speed were greater for male vs. female (3.9±0.7 vs. 3.1±0.7; 2.9±1.0 vs. 2.6±0.7, p<.05) and higher in L1 vs. L2 (3.9±1.3 vs. 3.1±0.1; 2.9±0.9 vs. 2.3±0.7, p<.05). Intra-lap speed values were best represented by a cubic (n=38), then linear (n=37) and quadratic model (n=8). The cubic fit was more frequent for male (43.8%) than female (15.6%) suggesting greater capacity to generate higher acceleration after the turn. 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